Socially relative reward valuation in the primate brain

•Reward valuation in social contexts is made relatively in reference to others.•Socially relative reward valuation triggers various ‘other-regarding’ emotions.•Socially relative reward valuation is mediated by social and reward neural networks.•Medial prefrontal cortex and dopamine-related subcortical areas are mainly involved.•Shared neural networks mediate this valuation in humans and nonhuman primates.