Effects of Prepubertal Oxidized Dietary Fat Consumption on Body Weight, Adiposity and Adipose Distribution in A Swine Model.

High‐fat diets, which are increasingly common in developed and developing countries, have been associated with an increased chronic disease risk. The effects of these diets take stage early in life with childhood consumption of fats increasing, and associated incidence of obesity, increasing in these countries. However, what is often neglected when studying the impact of fats in diets is that modern processing and western cooking (deep‐frying) practices generate lipid oxidation products (LOPs), and thus fats are not always consumed in their native forms. In this study, we examined whether consumption of high‐fat diets containing lipid oxidation products have a different effect on body weight, adiposity and adipose distribution using a swine model. The overwhelming genetic, anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological similarities to humans make swine an ideal model for translational studies. Forty‐eight domestic swine (at twenty‐one days of age, immediately post weaning) were divided into three equal study groups and placed on the following diet regimens for five months: (1) Low‐Fat/Low‐Calorie Diet (LF/LC Diet, N=16, 9% of calories from fat). (2) High‐Fat/High‐ Calorie Diet containing LOPs (HF/HC+LOPs Diet, N=16, 44% of calories from fat). (3) High‐ Fat/High‐Calorie Diet without LOPs (HF/HC–LOPs Diet, N=16, 44% of calories from fat). Body weight (BW) measurements were made weekly. Total adiposity and distribution were assessed at five different time points on eight of the animals from each diet group using dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). At the end of the five‐month study period, as expected, the animals from HF/HC Diet groups had a significantly higher body weight and adiposity than those from the LF/LC Diet group. However, the HF/HC–LOPs animals had 6.4% (12.5 lbs.) higher body weight than the HF/HC+LOPs animals. The adiposity of HF/HC–LOPs animals was also higher than their HF/HC+LOPs counterparts, although this did not reach statistical significance. Both HF/HC diet groups exhibited increased fat deposition in abdominal fat depots relative to the LF/LC diet group, however again the difference between the two HF/HC diet groups did not reach statistical significance. The results from the study suggests that fats containing LOPs do not have the same physiological effects as fats in the native form and the presence of LOPs should be considered in dietary studies. We are currently analysing differences in gene expression in tissues from the study animals to develop mechanistic hypothesis for the observed effects of LOPs. Support or Funding Information The research was supported by the Biomedical & Genomic Research Group Discretionary Fund (University of Wisconsin‐Madison) and by USDA Formula Project Grant (WIS01972) National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA). This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .