CO2 Capture and Crystallization of Ammonia Bicarbonate in a Lab-Scale Scrubber

A lab-scale bubble-column scrubber is used to capture CO2 gas and produce ammonia bicarbonate (ABC) using aqueous ammonia as an absorbent under a constant pH and temperature. The CO2 concentration is adjusted by mixing N-2 and CO2 in the range of 15-60 vol % at 55 degrees C. The process variables are the pH of the solution, temperature, gas-flow rate and the concentration of gas. The effects of the process variables on the removal efficiency (E), absorption rate (R-A) and overall mass-transfer coefficient (K(G)a) were explored. A multiple-tube mass balance model was used to determine R-A and K(G)a, in which R-A and K(G)a were in the range of 2.14 x 10(-4)-1.09 x 10(-3) mol/(s.L) and 0.0136-0.5669 1/s, respectively. Results found that, R-A showed an obvious increase with the increase in pH, inlet gas concentration and gas temperature, while K(G)a decreased with an increase in inlet gas concentration. Using linear regression, an empirical expression for K(G)a/E was obtained. On the other hand, ammonia bicarbonate crystals could be produced at a pH of 9.5 when the gas concentration was higher than 30% and gamma (=F-g/F-A, the gas-liquid molar flow rate ratio) >= 1.5.