Colloid-Chemical Modification of Peloids with Nano- and Microparticles of Natural Minerals and Their Practical Use

Mechanisms of Black Sea peloid (therapeutical mud) modification using the colloid-chemical, microbiological, and balneal methods were considered, analyzed, and additionally studied, and influence of such modifications on peloid composition balneal properties was showed. Geomechanical, microbiological, and nanochemical mechanisms and features of clay-carbonate peloids’ formation processes aided with nanoparticles and nanostructures (formed by additions of calcite, natural and burnt bentonites) have been discussed. Thermal and mechanochemical treatment was used to get nanoparticles, and XRD, SEM, rheological, and microbiological methods were used for colloid-chemical and balneological investigations. Theoretical analysis of physicochemical geomechanics’ laws in terms of peloid formation processes in conjunction with results of its experimental testing showed that dispersion processes of clay-carbonate (silicate) system (preliminary grinded) are being accelerated under influence of water, aqueous solutions, and microorganism waste products. And nanoparticle formation in conditions of intensive mechanical loads and chemical transformations attend these processes. Microbiological investigations showed that tested peloids have the ability for self-purification and regeneration of its composition, and they are high-bactericide ones. It was shown that influence of clay additions on peloid bioactivity goes due to formation of nanoparticles. It was shown that the presence of nanoparticles in clay-carbonate peloids containing saline water (brine) and CO2 from air can substantially affect colloid-chemical properties and balneological activity of peloid compositions, and the generalized scheme of colloid-chemical background of such influence was presented. Correlation has been determined between nanochemical transformations, colloid-chemical properties, and balneal activity in dependence of the fact that such compositions are in thermodynamically isolated or in thermodynamically opened system.