Sedation in dental implantology: An overview

Sedation for dental procedures is used to minimize treatment-related stress and anxiety. According to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), minimal or moderate sedation is defined as a drug-induced depression of consciousness with maintained abilities to respond purposefully to verbal instructions. Whereas cognitive and coordinative functions are diminished, cardiorespiratory functions usually remain unaffected. The literature describes sedation in this context as an effective and safe method to reduce stress- and anxiety-related physiologic disorders in dentistry. Comparison of existing literature is challenging, however, because of variable definitions of sedation in the context of implantation and a low level of evidence. Differences in substances, dosing, and evaluated parameters in the respective studies prevent a side-by-side comparison. The baseline remains a careful and valid evaluation of indication and dosing of substances and, if necessary, appropriate management of any complications. To address legal requirements, sufficient informed consent, documentation, and compliance to release criteria are mandatory.