Three new species of archerfishes from the freshwaters of Southeast Asia (Teleostei: Toxotidae) and notes on Henri Mouhot's fish collections

Examination of strictly freshwater archerfishes earlier identified as Toxotes microlepis and T. chatareus shows that they represent four species. Inland records of T. chatareus in mainland Southeast Asia are misidentifications. Toxotes microlepis is reliably known only from the lectotype, from an unknown locality in Thailand, possibly not in freshwater. Toxotes siamensis, new species, is described from the Chao Phraya drainage in Thailand and is distinguished by an irregular colour pattern and especially by the presence of a conspicuous black blotch above the anal-fin base. Toxotes mekongensis, new species, from the Mekong drainage in Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, has an elongated black blotch extending from below dorsal-fin origin to between origins of pelvic and anal fins. Toxotes sundaicus, new species, from Borneo, Sumatra and possibly the Malay Peninsula, has a longitudinal row of four blotches in the upper half of the body, a deeper body and a shorter snout. The history of the fish collections obtained by Henri Mouhot in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos (1858-1861) is reviewed.