Sonodynamic and photodynamic effect induced by light, ultrasound and disulfonated chloroaluminium phthalocyanine on G361 melanoma cell lines

Phthalocyanines belonging to the new generation of substances for photodynamic therapy can be chelated with a variety of metals, chiefly aluminium and zinc, while these diamagnetic metals enhance their phototoxicity. A ring substitution in phthalocyanines with sulphonated groups will render them water soluble and affect their cellular uptake. Photodynamic therapy is a perspective treatment modality of tumors. The photochemical interactions of sensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen produce singlet oxygen and other forms of active oxygen, such as peroxide, hydroxyl radical and superoxide ion. The cellular effects include membrane damage, mitochondrial damage and DNA damage. A new treatment modality called sonodynamic therapy has been developed, in which the ultrasound-induced cytotoxicity of sonochemical sensitizers inhibits tumor growth. The promising generation of sensitizers - phthalocyanines were used to induce the photodamage. We applied an ultrasound with intensity of 2 W.cm(-2) and frequency of 1MHz to support the photodynamic effect. We report the production of reactive oxygen species on G361 melanoma cell lines. The light emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as a source for evocation of the photodynamic effect. Our results indicate a synergistic effect of chloroaluminium phihalocyanine, light and ultrasound on ROS production in G361 melanoma cells.