Oxidation behavior of 316L austenitic stainless steel in high temperature air with long-term exposure

The oxidation behavior of 316L stainless steel exposed at 400, 600 and 800 degrees C air for 100, 500 and 1000 h was investigated using different characterization techniques. Weight gain obeys a parabolic law, but the degree of deviation of n index is increasingly larger with the increase of temperature. A double oxide film, including Cr(2)O(3)and Fe(2)O(3)oxide particles in outer and FeCr(2)O(4)oxides in inner, is observed at 400 degrees C. As regards to samples at 600 degrees C, a critical exposure period around 100 h exists in the oxidation process, at which a compact oxide film decorated with oxide particles transforms to a loose oxide layer with a pore-structure. In addition, an oxide film containing Fe-rich outer oxide layer and Cr-rich inner oxide layer is observed at 600 degrees C for 500 and 1000 h. Spallation of oxide scale is observed for all samples at 800 degrees C regardless of exposure periods, resulting in different oxidation morphologies, and the degree of spallation behavior is getting worse. A double oxide film with the same chemical composition as 600 degrees C is observed, and the thickness increases over exposure periods.