Novel devices with photosensitive elements

Liquid Crystal (LC) devices with photosensitive elements have incredible scope for creating unique photo-induced optical devices. The use of azobenzene based materials, which undergo a trans-cis isomerisation when irradiated with light of a specific wavelength, is firmly established in LC research. The trans conformation is an elongated rod-like shape, similar to LC mesogens, whilst the cis conformation is closer to a spherical (bent) shape, disrupting to the LC order. When these materials are doped into LC materials they are able to produce light induced responses, and therefore their application to photo-switchable optics and devices is undeniable. In this research paper the light induced order modification, rather than light induced reorientation, is utilized to produce an all-optical switchable laser protection device. Upon irradiation of an azo-doped LC system with a continuous, low power (0.5 mW), laser threat (lambda=405 nm) the trans-cis photoisomerisation process is triggered. This results in the trans-cis conformal shape change, lowering of the LC order, and causing the system to switch from the LC nematic phase (transmitting between crossed polarisers) to the isotropic liquid phase (blocking/dark between crossed polarisers). The optical properties of the azo-doped LC materials have been characterized and the response time dependence on azo-dopant concentration, system temperature, and laser threat intensity is thoroughly investigated.