Arbequina Olive Oil Composition Is Affected by the Application of Regulated Deficit Irrigation during Pit Hardening Stage

Three new regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) treatments were applied to "Arbequina" olive orchards during pit hardening. Oil quality was determined by measuring analytical parameters for olive oil grading, antioxidant activity, total phenol content, fatty acid profile, volatile compounds profile, and sensory analysis. Oils from RDI were classified as "extra virgin olive oil" and their quality was improved due to their higher antioxidant potential (ABTS(+) [increased similar to 75%] and DPPH [increased similar to 25%] assays) and phenols (increased similar to 53%) than control. Concentration of total volatile compounds decreased (similar to 27%) but RDI olive oils showed a more balanced profile (alcohols, aldehydes, and esters). Monounsaturated fatty acid content increased (similar to 5%) and atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes decreased (similar to 8.5%) in RDI olive oil. Regarding sensory analysis, RDI provided more balanced oils with higher fruit aroma than control. Other benefits of RDI olive oil, when compared with oil from full irrigated orchards are reduced use of water and improved functional and sensory quality.