A modified Leishman–Beddoes model for airfoil sections undergoing dynamic stall at low Reynolds numbers

A modified Leishman–Beddoes (Leishman and Beddoes, 1989) model is proposed to predict the aerodynamic load responses of airfoils undergoing dynamic stall at low Reynolds, low Mach numbers and low to very high equivalent reduced pitch rates. The modifications include using Wagner function aerodynamics for the attached flow model, defining and using a time-varying reduced pitch rate, equating the time delays applied to the normal force, the separation point location and the vortex shedding and using Sheng and Galbraith’s dynamic stall onset criteria (Sheng et al., 2006).