Superfluid ³He in a Nematic Aerogel

In nematic aerogels, their constituent fibers are oriented along the same direction. In liquid(3)He filling such aerogels, the scattering of Fermi quasiparticles at ultralow temperatures becomes anisotropic. This makes it possible to obtain new superfluid phases of(3)He, which are not observed in bulk(3)He. In this article, results of NMR investigation of these new superfluid phases of(3)He in aerogels with different porosities are compared. We describe the methods for identifying these phases and consider some topological defects observed in them.