Direct recovery of spilled oil using hierarchically porous oil scoop with capillary-induced anti-oil-fouling

The pitcher plant has evolved its hierarchically grooved peristome to enhance a water-based slippery system for capturing insects with oil-covered footpads. Based on this, we proposed a hierarchically porous oil scoop (HPOS) with capillary-induced oil peel-off ability for repeatable spilled oil recovery. As the HPOS scoops oil-water mixture, water passes through the hole while the oil is confined within a curved geometry. The filter in HPOS has three levels of porous structures; (1) 3D-printed mesh structure with sub-millimeter scale hole to filter out oil from an oil?water mixture, (2) internal micropore in fibers enhancing capillarity and water transport, (3) O2 plasma-induced high-aspect-ratio nanopillar structures imposing anti-oil-fouling property with capillary-induced oil peeling. As the oil-contaminated HPOS makes contact with water, water meniscus rises and peels off the oil immediately at the air-water interface. The oil-peel-off ability of the HPOS would prevent pores from clogging by oils for reuse. The study demonstrated that the HPOS recovers highly viscous oil (up to 5000 mm2?s?1) with a high recovery rate ( 95%), leaving the filtered water with low oil content (<10 ppm), which satisfies the discharge criterion of 15 ppm.