Residual action of five insecticides on larvae and adults of the neotropical predators Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

This work aimed to evaluate the residual action of five insecticides on larvae and adults of the predators Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Eriopis connexa (Germar). The insecticides gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid+beta-cyfluthrin, methomyl, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin were sprayed in pod bean plants until the point of runoff. Weekly, at 3, 10, 17, 24, and 31 days, first instar larvae and adults of both predators were exposed to leaves containing dry residues of the insecticides. Based on the mortality observed throughout the bioassays, the insecticides were classified according to the scale of the residual effects proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Except for thiamethoxam+lambda-cyhalothrin, which was moderately persistent (class 3) to larvae of C. externa and E. connexa , all other tested insecticides were persistent (class 4) to larvae of both species. Gamma-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin, and methomyl were persistent (class 4) to C. externa adults, while thiamethoxam was moderately persistent (class 3) and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin was slightly persistent (class 2) to the adult stage. As for E. connexa adults, imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin and methomyl were persistent (class 4) and gamma-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam, and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin were moderately persistent (class 3). Thus, due to extended residual effect, these insecticides must be avoided when larvae and adults of both predators are active in the crop.