Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish-French versions of the Self-reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS)

Objective The study aim was to cross-culturally adapt the Self-reported Foot and Ankle Score (SEFAS) into Spanish and French-language versions, to validate them and to evaluate their psychometric properties. Methods The cross-cultural translation from the original SEFAS into French and Spanish was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the ISPOR. The participants were recruited from some private healthcare institutions in France and Sapin, from June to August 2019. The following inclusion criteria were applied: aged at least 18 years, with foot and/or ankle deformity, had a history of subtalar and/or ankle and/or talonavicular or hindfoot pain, did not make daily use of walking aids, and were able to achieve the normal range of motions in the ankle, subtalar and midtarsal joints. All patients gave signed informed consent and completed the SF-36 and SEFAS questionnaires in the Spanish or French version. Results The analysis was based on 319 participants. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha values of 0.94 for the Spanish version and 0.88 for the French version). No floor/ceiling effect was observed in any item, in either version. Conclusion The Spanish and French versions of SEFAS are valid, reliable instruments for evaluating foot and ankle pain and function.