Early Identification Of The Critical View Of Safety In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Cholangiography: A Randomised Controlled Study

Background: Achieving critical view of safety (CVS) is vital during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). There is no known study determining use of indocyanine green fluorescence cholangiography (ICGFC) in early identification of CVS during LC. This study aims to compare use of ICGFC in LC against conventional LC in early identification of CVS. Methodology: Patients undergoing LC in a single centre were randomized into ICGFC-LC and conventional LC. Surgery was performed by a single surgeon and the time taken to achieve CVS from the time of gallbladder fundus retraction was measured. Difficulty level for each surgery was rated and analysed using a modified scoring system (Level 1-Easy to Level 4-Very difficult). Results: 63 patients were recruited where mean time (min) to achieve CVS was 22.3 ? 12.9 in ICGFC-LC (n = 30) and 22.8 ? 14.3 in conventional LC (p = 0.867). The time taken to achieve CVS was shorter in ICGFC-LC group across all difficulty levels, although not significant (p > 0.05). No major complication was observed in the study. Conclusions: This study had shown ICGFC-LC reduces time to CVS across all difficulty levels but not statistically significant. ICGFC-LC maybe useful in difficult LC and in surgical training. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT04228835. Study grant: UMMI Surgical Karl Storz Distributor (Malaysia) ? 2020 Asian Surgical Association and Taiwan Robotic Surgery Association. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).