Do I Have HIV or Not? Lack of RNA Detection and the Case for Sensitive DNA Testing

We present a case of a 20-year-old male who had ambiguous HIV test results after entering new provider care and whose status was later complicated by undetectable viral RNA off antiretroviral therapy (ART). Verifying HIV infection status may occasionally require sensitive DNA testing that might need to be considered in diagnostic guidelines to resolve diagnosis and ensure appropriate ART management.