Integrated Wideband Frequency-Hopping Radar System for See-Through-Wall Sensor Application

A wideband stepped-frequency continuous wave-form radar transceiver is designed in a 130-nm CMOS technology. The designed system operates from 2 to 4 GHz, targeting a range/standoff-distance of 20 m and range resolution of 7.5 cm. A two-way wall obstruction loss of 23 dB is measured at 3.5 GHz. The waveform, system parameters, and wall properties are used to derive the integrated circuit (IC) based transceiver specifications. The designed receiver has a conversion gain of 48.65 dB, NF of 7.8 dB, 1-dB compression point of -31 dBm, -4.31 dBm of out-of-band IIP3 at 60 MHz offset and S ₁₁ better than -10 dB across the targeted bandwidth.