An integrative conservation planning framework for aquatic landscapes fragmented by road-stream crossings

•We surveyed 1200 road-stream crossings in Florida and found that 52% were culverts.•Barrier severity (0 = complete barrier; 1 = no barrier) was <0.5 for 10% of crossings.•Barrier severity correlated with small streams in urban or agricultural landscapes.•A barrier distribution model predicted barrier severity at 5545 unsurveyed sites.•Optimization modeling identified 7–11 high priority conservation opportunities.