Protective effects of Huperzia serrata and its components against oxidative damage and cognitive dysfunction

Background The accumulation of amyloid β protein (Aβ) is an important factor in determining the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) since it is related to oxidative stress, which is thought to promote neuronal cell death. In addition, the concentration of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, decreases. We clarified the protective effects ofHuperzia serrata, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, as well as its components against neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction. Methods Extract was prepared from whole plant. Murine hippocampal cells (HT22 cells) were damaged by Aβ, hydrogen peroxide, and glutamate. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity was measured using mice brain.Huperzia serrata was administrated orally once a day and cognitive behavioural tests were performed. Results Huperzia serrata was identified caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and huperzine A as a major component. Huperzia serrata and its components prevented cell death and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species. Huperzia serrata and its components also inhibited AChE activity. Huperzia serrata (100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment significantly improved arm alternation and latency in scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction. Huperzia serrata also decreased lipid peroxidation in the brain. Conclusions Huperzia serrata prevents cognitive dysfunction through its inhibitory effects on AChE activity and providing protective effects against oxidative damage.