Exploring The Impact Of Energy Consumption, Food Security On Co2 Emissions: A Piece Of New Evidence From Pakistan

Adopting a co-integration approach of asymmetric Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), this article seeks to examine the asymmetrical effect of agriculture, energy consumption, and food security on carbon emission of Pakistan from 1970 to 2019. Multiple unit root tests (ADF, PP, and KPSS, Z and A) were used to verify the data stationarity and structural breaks and also used population data as a food security proxy indicator. Our foremost objective of this analysis is to investigate that agricultural results related to CO2 emissions are asymmetrical or not for Pakistan. Our outcome endorses the existence of the asymmetrical effect of agriculture on CO2 in the short- and long-term. Furthermore, the results of population and energy consumption increase environmental degradation. Based on the study findings, the government would need to adopt concrete measures towards effective policymaking and addressing environmental issues in Pakistan.