Using a clinical judgement model to understand the impact of validated pain assessment tools for burn clinicians and adult patients in the ICU: A multi-methods study

•Pain assessment in ICU burn-injured adults requires complex clinical judgement.•Context includes patient situation, unit culture and background beliefs of clinicians.•The CPOT increased nurses’ potential for advocacy for patients unable to self-report.•Validated pain tools use↑analgesia/sedation without↑ventilation time/ICU LoS.