Donor-acceptor codoping effects on tuned visible light response of TiO2

•Metal/metal, nonmental/nonmetal, and metal/nonmetal codoping strategies are concluded based on their influence of the band structure of TiO2.•The influence of the codoping induced defects on the photocatalytic performance of TiO2.•Collaborative effects on the photocatalytic reaction, including bandgap, flat band potential, charge transport, surface potential, etc.