Clustering-Learning-Based Long-Term Predictive Localization in 5G-Envisioned Internet of Connected Vehicles

Localization services play an important role in Internet of Connected Vehicles (IoCV) and vehicle predictive localization information can greatly improve traffic efficiency and reduce accidents. However, a huge amount of computing and communication overhead is required to obtain such information by traditional methods. In this work, we propose a Behavior-based Clustering Method (BCM) to analyze the behavioral correlation between vehicles and classify them into different clusters. Based on BCM results coupled with a deep learning model, we further propose a Clustering-learning-based Long-term Predictive Localization (CLPL) algorithm to predict vehicles' future location distribution. In the proposed CLPL algorithm, all the traffic roads are divided into consecutive small segments in order to pinpoint vehicles' precise current locations and to obtain long-term predictions. Extensive simulations, notably involving real dataset, have been carried out to evaluate BCM and CLPL in terms of several performance criteria including matching rates. The analysis of the results validated how the designed methods can predict vehicle location much more accurately than existing algorithms.