HOW FREQUENTLY PATIENTS WITH RISK FACTORS FOR CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ACHIEVE RECOMMENDATIONS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION FREQUENCY

Abstract Background and Aims Risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), high blood pressure (HBP) and obesity are strongly related to negative lifestyle and nutritional habits. The aim of this study was to estimate the proportion of patients with and without risk factors for CKD who meet recommendations for food consumption. Method Cross-sectional study. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. Consumption of each food group was classified as adequate or inadequate based on dietary guidelines (DASH and ENSANUT Mexican Guidelines). Sociodemographic, biochemical and clinical variables were measured. DM2, HBP and obesity were defined as risk factors. Results 744 adults were evaluated, age 51±16 y, 68% women, 59% without risk factors, 7% DM2, 17% HBP, 8% DM2+HBP, and 18% obesity. Glomerular filtration rate was 99 (89-100) mL/min/1.73m2. Differences in FFQ between groups were found in relation to consumption of legumes, fast food, sugar, sweets and desserts (p<0.05). Figure A shows the frequency of consumption of healthy and B, unhealthy foods. Conclusion In general, subjects in this sample had negative dietary habits, with <50% consuming healthy food and >50% consuming unhealthy food. Subjects without risk factors for CKD displayed a similar pattern of food consumption than those with risk factors, with only a significantly lower legumes intake than patients with HBP, and higher intake of sweets and desserts, sugar, and fast food compared to patients with DM2+HBP. It is necessary to implement strategies to prevent the long-term development of CKD in groups with poor adherence to healthy food consumption recommendations.