Identifying Gaps in Use of and Research on Adaptive Learning Systems.

Adaptive learning systems have become increasingly common across age groups and content areas. Many adaptive learning systems personalize the learning experience based on students' prior knowledge, preferences, learner profile, system usage, learning style, and/or learning perceptions. In addition, various learning algorithms have been developed over the years, such as item response theories, Markov modelling, recurrent neural networks, and Bayesian knowledge tracing (BKT). Although western countries have generated numerous efficacy studies, Chinese adaptive education is in its earliest stage, with few efficacy studies conducted in this context, which is a gap in this field. This position paper describes one Chinese adaptive learning system, Squirrel AI Learning, and invites further research on adaptive learning systems in China and other Asian countries.