Application, Reactivity and Synthesis of Isoxazole Derivatives

In this review article, we describe the application, reactivity and synthesis of isoxazole derivatives, more specifically, the application, reactivity, and synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted, 3,4-disubstituted, and 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazole using the green method. We review the application of isoxazole in material science, agriculture and pharmaceutical. In material science, isoxazole is used as a photochromic, electrochemical probe for Cu2+ and, given its optical properties, in dye-sensitized solar cells, high energy material and liquid crystal. In agriculture, isoxazole is used as an insecticide for managing Callosobruchus chinensis, Acaricidal activity against T. cinnabarinus, and herbicidal activities of 2-cyanoacrylates containing isoxazole. In pharmaceutical, isoxazole shows anticancer, antituberculosis, anti-inflammatory, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Further, we describe various reactions of isoxazole such as ring opens, bromination and iodination, thioynol ethers, intramolecular S E Ar reaction, arylation, cycloaddition and photocycloaddition, photoisomerization, Domino transformation of isoxazoles to 2,4-dicarbonyl pyrroles and rearrangement. We also describe the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted, 3,4-disubstituted and 3,4,5-trisubstituted isoxazole using different methods.