Near-Field Ground Motions from the July 2019 Ridgecrest, California, Earthquake Sequence

The 2019 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake sequence, including an M-w 6.4 event on 4 July and an M-w 7.1 approximately 34 hr later, was recorded by 15 instruments within 55 km nearest-fault distance. To characterize and explore near-field ground motions from the M-w 6.4 foreshock and M-w 7.1 mainshock, we augment these records with available macroseismic information, including conventional intensities and displaced rocks. We conclude that near-field shaking intensities were generally below modified Mercalli intensity 9, with concentrations of locally high values toward the northern and southern termini of the mainshock rupture. We further show that, relative to near-field ground motions at hard-rock sites, instrumental ground motions at alluvial near-field sites for both the M-w 6.4 foreshock and M-w 7.1 mainshock were depleted in energy at frequencies higher than 2-3 Hz, as expected from ground-motion models. Both the macroseismic and instrumental observations suggest that sediments in the Indian Wells Valley experienced a pervasively nonlinear response, which helps explain why shaking intensities and damage in the closest population center, Ridgecrest, were relatively modest given its proximity to the earthquakes.