CLINICAL, HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND BRAF MUTATION IN PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL POLYP IN THAI NGUYEN

Background BRAF is a localised gene in chromosome 7q34. The BRAF V600E gene mutation as a necessary starting condition for the transition from benign to malignant lesions is well worth monitoring for prognosis of colorectal lesions. Aims Describe histopathology and BRAF mutations in colorectal polyps. Methods A total of 81 patients with non-cancerous colon polyps were randomly assigned to the study. Patients with endoscopic polyps, specimens for histopathology then classify groups: neoplastic, hyperplastic, hamartomatous, inflammatory polyp. The immunohistochemical analysis of these samples then determined the BRAF mutation. Results The percentage of male is 69.1%, female is 30.9%. The mean age was 52.06±12.83. Adenoma polyps accounted for 63%. Serrated polyps were 35.8. Juvenile polyps had a ratio of 1.2%. Mild dysplasia is 58%, moderate dysplasia is 6.2%, severe dysplasia is 3.7%. BRAF gene mutation accounted for 22.2%, pervasive sample was highest with 19.8%, surface and bottom samples were 1.2%. BRAF gene mutations were detected in 12.5% hyperplastic polyp, 33.3% sessile serrated polyps, 100% traditional serrated adenomas, p=0.01. A total of 73/81 specimens were found to be inflammatory in which the BRAF mutation level +was detected in 86.7% of samples with inflammation, the level of ++BRAF gene mutation detected in 33.3% of samples have inflammation, p=0.003. Conclusions BRAF gene mutations in serrated polyps were higher in hyperplastic polyps. This explains the notion that progression from hyperplastic polyps to serrated adenomas with BRAF mutations can lead to colorectal cancer.