Cervical rotation, chest deformity and pelvic obliquity in patients with spinal muscular atrophy

Background Musculoskeletal disorders are often observed in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). The aim of the study was to assess passive ranges of rotation in the cervical spine, chest deformity and pelvic obliquity in SMA patients, and to compare these results to the norms obtained in the group of healthy individuals. The second aim was to review these measurements and Cobb angle values for correlations in SMA patients. Methods The study included 74 patients with SMA and 89 healthy individuals aged 2 to 18 years. Cervical Rotation (CR), Supine Angle of Trunk Rotation (SATR) and Pelvic Obliquity (PO) tests were carried out. Results Cervical rotation ranges were significantly higher in the control group than in SMA patients ( p < 0.05). Differences between cervical rotation ranges to the left and to the right were significantly larger in SMA I and SMA II groups than in healthy individuals ( p = 0.000). Chest asymmetry and pelvic obliquity were bigger in SMA groups than in the control ( p < 0.05). Significant correlations between cervical rotation measurements, chest deformity, pelvic obliquity and Cobb angle were found in SMA individuals, depending on the type. Conclusions The results of the study suggest that CR, SATR and PO tests may assist in the assessment of SMA patients in addition to the radiographic evaluation of the spine. Biomechanical relationships between disorders located in various skeletal structures should be taken into account in the treatment of SMA patients. Special attention should be given to assessing postural parameters in non- sitters and sitters. Treatment of patients with SMA and associated musculoskeletal disorders requires a multi-specialist approach.