Comparison of metal artifact reduction using single-energy CT and dual-energy CT with various metallic implants in cadavers

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metal artifact reduction using Single Energy Metal Artifact Reduction (SEMAR) and Dual Energy CT (DECT).Materials and methods: Six cadavers containing metal implants in the head, neck, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities were scanned with Standard, SEMAR, and DECT protocols on a 320-slice CT scanner. Four specialized radiologists blinded to acquisition methods rated severity of metal artifacts, visualization of anatomic structures, diagnostic interpretation, and image preference with a 5-point grading scale.Results: Scores were significantly better for SEMAR than Standard images in the hip, knee, pelvis, abdomen, and maxillofacial scans (3.25 +/- 0.88 versus 2.14 +/- 0.93, p < 0.001). However, new reconstruction artifacts developed in SEMAR images that were not present in Standard images. Scores for severity of metal artifacts and visualization of smooth structures were significantly better for DECT than Standard images in the cervical spine (3.50 +/- 0.50 versus 2.0 +/- 0.58, p < 0.001) and was preferred over Standard images by one radiologist. In all other cases, radiologists preferred the Standard image over the DECT image due to increased image noise and reduced low-contrast resolution with DECT. In all cases, SEMAR was preferred over Standard and DECT images.Conclusion: SEMAR was more effective at reducing metal artifacts than DECT. Radiologists should be aware of new artifacts and review both the original and SEMAR images. When the anatomy or implant is relatively small, DECT may be superior to SEMAR without additional artifacts. However, radiologist should be aware of a reduction in soft tissue contrast.