Prophylactic fat-free diet in patients undergoing lobectomy for lung cancer does not decrease postoperative chylothorax: Results from a single-center retrospective study.

Purpose: Reliable measures to prevent chylothorax following lobectomy are lacking. Herein a case-control study was conducted to investigate the effect of prophylactic fat-free diet on the incidence of chylothorax after thoracoscopic lobectomy and systemic lymph node dissection (SLND) for lung cancer. Methods: Between January 2015 and December 2017, the patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer who underwent lobectomy and SLND were retrospectively reviewed. Patients in the prophylactic group started fat-free diet one week before the surgery until removal of the chest tubes after the operation; while those in the control group took normal diet unless the onset of chylothorax. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the predictive factors of chylothorax following lobectomy. Results: The data of 110 patients in the control group and 115 cases in the prophylactic group were collected. The patients in prophylactic group showed less intraoperative blood loss [(79.9 +/- 48.7) mL vs. (100.9 +/- 55.6) mL, p=0.003], reduced postoperative drainage volume [(504.3 +/- 268.0) mL vs. (714.1 +/- 618.5) mL, p=0.001], and shorter chest tube duration [(3.6 +/- 1.7) days vs. (4.2 +/- 2.6) days, p=0.014]; however, a similar incidence of chylothorax [3 (2.6%) vs. 7 (6.4%), p=0.207] was recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that neoadjuvant therapy was an independent positive factor of chylothorax (odd ratio [OR] = 9.257; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.434-59.773, p=0.019); whereas high-volume experience of the surgeon was an independent negative factor of this complication (OR = 0.129; 95% CI 0.017-0.982, p=0.048). Conclusion: Prophylactic fat-free diet does not decrease the incidence of chylothorax after lobectomy. Further well-designed trials are warranted to verify this occasional finding.