Magnetic soliton: From two to three components with SO(3) symmetry

Recent theoretical and experimental research has explored magnetic solitons in binary Bose-Einstein condensates. Here we demonstrate that such solitons are part of an SO(3) soliton family when embedded within a full three-component spin-1 manifold with spin-rotational symmetry. To showcase this, we have experimentally created a type of domain wall magnetic soliton obtained by 90 degrees rotations, which consists of a boundary between easy-axis and easy-plane polar phases. Collisions between SO(3) solitons are investigated by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equations, which exhibit novel properties, including rotation and dissipation of soliton spin polarization.