Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity in a Belgian-French prospective multicenter study: outcomes and predictors weight loss failure

Introduction Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) became the most frequently performed bariatric procedure worldwide, gaining rapidly popularity thanks to its technical simplicity and the relatively good results. The aim of this Belgian-French study was to evaluate postoperative complications, weight loss, and resolution of obesity-related comorbidities after LSG, and identify predictive factors of weight loss failure. Patients and methods A prospective multicenter study was conducted on all LSG performed during 2014 in 7 centers. Their demographic, preoperative, and postoperative data were prospectively collected and analyzed statistically. Results Overall 529 patients underwent LSG, with a mean preoperative weight and body mass index (BMI) of 118.9 +/- 19.9 kg and 42.9 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2), respectively. Postoperative mortality was null and early postoperative morbidity was 6%, including 2.5% of gastric leakage. BMI significantly decreased to 31.1 kg/m(2) and 30.0 kg/m(2) at 1 and 3 years, respectively (p < .001). The mean %EWL was 77.2 and 74.6% at 1 and 3 years. A significant reduction in dyslipidemia (28.0-16.8%), obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) (34.6-23.3%) and arterial hypertension (HTN) (30.4-20.2%) was observed after 3 years, but it does not concern diabetes and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). At multivariate analysis, age > 50 years old, BMI >50 kg/m(2) and previous laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) remained independent predictors of weight loss failure. Conclusions LSG for morbid obesity is safe and effective. Satisfactory outcome after 3 years can be achieved regarding %EWL and some comorbidities such as dyslipidemia, OSAS, and HTN, but not diabetes and GERD. Age > 50 years old, BMI > 50 kg/m(2) and previous LAGB were independent predictors of weight loss failure.