Liquid-based cervical cytology and microbiological analyses in women using cooper intrauterine device and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

•Inflammatory infiltrates with no pathogen is significantly more common among LNG-IUS and IUD users than the control group.•Candida and cytolysis occur more frequently in the LNG-IUS group than in the control group, especially after two years post-implantation.•Bacterial vaginosis and Actinomyces sp are more prevalent in the IUD group than in the control group.•Rates of cytological atypia are similar among IUD and LNG-IUS users.