Chromobacterium Paludis Sp. Nov., A Novel Bacterium Isolated From A Chesapeake Bay Marsh

Two isolates of Gram-reaction-negative, motile, violet-pigmented bacteria were isolated from a small pool in marshland near the mouth of the Nanticoke River in Maryland, USA. The isolates IIBBL 257-1(T) and IIBBL 257-2 had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences as determined by PCR, and highly similar fatty acid and biochemical profiles. The 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated the isolates belonged to the genus Chromobacterium. Genomic sequencing of IIBBL 257-1(T) revealed a genome of 4.27 Mb, with a G+C content of 63.6%. Whole genome comparisons with other members of the Chromobacterium using JSpecies and the genome blast distance phylogeny approach indicated that among described species, IIBBL 257-1(T) was most closely related to C. amazonense and C. phragmitis. Comparison of the IIBBL 257-1(T) genome with those of type strains of these species resulted in ANIb and dDDH values of ca. 85 and 30%, respectively, for both. These results demonstrate that IIBBL 257-1(T) and IIBBL 257-2 represent a new taxon within the genus Chromobacterium. We propose the name Chromobacterium paludis sp. nov. for this taxon; the type strain is IIBBL 257-1(T) (=NRRL B-65555(T)=JCM 33770(T)).