Management of Granulomatous Mastitis Following Aesthetic Breast Surgery

Background Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is not among the well-known diseases in the field of aesthetic breast surgery (ABS). The clinical presentation of GM resembles infectious diseases or malignancies, but the management of these diseases is quite different. In this study, we aimed to present the management of GM in patients who underwent ABS. Methods In this study, patients with GM ( n = 65) and patients who underwent ABS ( n = 531) were evaluated. A total of six GM patients with a history of ABS were included in the study between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2019. The data were collected retrospectively. The quantitative variables are shown as medians (minimum–maximum), and categorical variables are shown as numbers and percentages (%). Results Median duration of disease onset after the ABS was 16 (8–38) months. After the diagnosis of GM was obtained, all patients received steroid treatment. Median steroid treatment duration was 10 (8–20) weeks. Methotrexate was administered in two patients due to persistent breast mass and steroid side effect. Surgical excision was performed in three patients with wide excision. No patient needed further surgery such as mastectomy. Median follow-up period was 37.5 (18–70) months. Conclusion This is the first study to declare GM in patients who underwent ABS. Atypical clinical presentation such as breast abscess, mass or fistula after ABS should alert the surgeon about GM. Unlike other mastitis, the primary treatment of this rare disease is steroid and immunosuppressive treatment. Insufficient knowledge about GM can lead to unnecessary surgeries or breast loss. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .