Forced convection heat transfer of subcooled liquid nitrogen in horizontral tube
ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B(2008)
Abstract
The knowledge of forced convection heat transfer of liquid hydrogen is important for the cooling design of a HTS Superconducting magnet and a cold neutron moderator material. An experimental apparatus that could obtain forced flow without a pump was developed, As a first step of the study, the forced flow heat transfer of subcooled liquid nitrogen in a horizontal tube, instead of liquid hydrogen, was measured for the pressures ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 MPa, The inlet temperature was varied from 78 K to around its saturation temperature. The flow velocities were varied from 0.1 to 7 m/s. The heat transfer coefficients in the non-boiling region and the departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) heat fluxes were higher for higher flow velocity and higher subcooling. The measured values of Nu/Pr-0.4 in the non-boiling region were proportional to Reynolds number (Re) to the power of 0.8. With a decrease in Re, Nu/Pr-0.4 approached a constant value corresponding to that in a pool of liquid nitrogen. The correlation of DNB heat flux was derived that can describe the experimental data within +/- 15% difference.
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Key words
forced convection,liquid nitrogen,heat transfer,DNB heat flux
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