Quantum Nondemolition Dispersive Readout Of A Superconducting Artificial Atom Using Large Photon Numbers

Reading out the state of superconducting artificial atoms typically relies on dispersive coupling to a readout resonator. For a given system noise temperature, increasing the circulating photon number n & macr; in the resonator enables a shorter measurement time and is therefore expected to reduce readout errors caused by spontaneous atom transitions. However, increasing n & macr; is generally observed to also monotonously increase these transition rates. Here we present a fluxonium artificial atom in which, despite the fact that the measured transition rates show nonmonotonous fluctuations within a factor of 6, for photon numbers up to n & macr; asymptotic to 200, the signal-to-noise ratio continuously improves with increasing n & macr;. Even without the use of a parametric amplifier, at n & macr; = 74, we achieve fidelities of 99% and 93% for feedback-assisted ground and excited state preparations, respectively. At higher n & macr;, leakage outside the qubit computational space can no longer be neglected and it limits the fidelity of quantum state preparation.