Diversity Of Alpha-Tubulin Transcripts Inlolium Rigidum

BACKGROUND Tubulin, the target site of dinitroaniline herbicides, is encoded by small gene families in plants. To better characterize the mechanisms of target-site resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides in the globally important weedy speciesLolium rigidum, attempts were made to amplify and sequence alpha-tubulin transcripts. RESULTS Four alpha-tubulin isoforms (TUA1, TUA2, TUA3 and TUA4) were identified inL. rigidum. Variations in the number and sequence of transcripts encoding these alpha-tubulin proteins were found in individuals from the twoL. rigidumpopulations examined. Within and among populations, differences in the 5 '- and 3 '-untranslated regions of cDNA in TUA3 and TUA4 were identified. Furthermore, a novel double mutation, Arg-390-Cys+Asp-442-Glu, in the TUA3 transcript was identified and has the potential to confer dinitroaniline resistance. CONCLUSION This research reveals the complexity of the alpha-tubulin gene family in individuals/populations of the cross-pollinated weedy speciesL. rigidum, and highlights the need for better understanding of the molecular architecture of tubulin gene families for detecting resistance point mutations. Although TUA4 is a commonly expressed alpha-tubulin isoform containing most frequently reported resistance mutations, other mutant tubulin isoforms may also have a role in conferring dinitroaniline resistance.