Structural changes in the gut microbiome of short-term and long-term medical workers compared to normal controls

Objective Hospital environment has been implicated in enrichment and exchange of pathogens and antibiotic resistances, but its potential in shaping the symbiotic microbial community of the hospital staff is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the alteration of gut microbiome in medical workers compared to non-medical controls. Design Prospective cross-sectional cohort study. Setting Intensive care unit (ICU) and other departments from a center in northeast China. Subjects 175 healthy medical workers (1-3 months short-term workers, n = 80; >1 year long-term workers, n = 95) and 80 healthy normal controls. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results Fecal samples of all subjects were analyzed using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Medical workers exhibited remarkable deviation in gut microbial within-sample diversity and enterotypes stratification, and shift in overall microbial structure. Short-term workers were significantly more abundant in taxa including Lactobacillus , Butyrivibrio , Clostridiaceae\_Clostridium , Ruminococcus , Dialister , Bifidobacterium , Odoribacter and Desulfovibrio , and with lower abundances of Bacteroides and Blautia compared with the controls. While long-term workers were enriched in taxa including Dialister , Veillonella , Clostridiaceae\_Clostridium , Bilophila , Desulfovibrio , Pseudomonas and Akkermansia , with lower abundances of Bacteroides and Coprococcus compared with the controls. In addition, medical worker’s working years (short-term vs. long-term), hospital department (resident doctor vs. nursing staff) and work position (ICU vs. not-ICU) revealed considerable effects on their gut microbiome. Moreover, by analyzing the environmental samples (n = 9) around the inpatient wards and the hospital, we showed that the gut microbiota of medical workers was closer to environmental microbiota than that of the normal controls, probably in correlation to lasting exposure to the pathogenic taxa (e.g. Pseudomonas ) in health workers. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated structural changes in the gut microbial community of the medical workers. Further studies are proposed for investigating the potentially physiological influence of the altered gut microbiome in medical participants. IMPORTANCE In this study, we for the first time focused on the influence of hospital environmental factors on gut microbiota of medical workers. The significance of our study is not limited to revealing the remodeling effect of the hospital environment on the gut microbiota of medical workers. Based on these, we also propose targeted and operational recommendations that can promote the health of hospital staff.