Realizing the potential of indigenous vegetables through improved germplasm information and seed systems

Nutritionally-poor diets as a result of over-consumption of poor quality processed foods are one of the main contributing factors to the alarming level of non-communicable diseases and the obesity pandemic observed today in the Pacific. National, regional and international health-related programmes have therefore targeted improving nutrition with the promotion of nutritionally rich local vegetables frequently a major programme activity. Indigenous vegetables not only provide nutritional benefits. Their resilience to climate extremes is increasingly being reported and the global interest in unique and healthy foods presents opportunities for market development, both locally and overseas. Despite significant promotional activities and a seeming awareness of their potential, indigenous vegetables remain neglected, with consumption relatively low, although differences exist across the Pacific. The lack of agronomic, morphological and nutritional information and limited availability of good quality planting material through seed systems are just two of several reasons given for the failure of indigenous vegetables to make the transition from subsistence crops of limited use to crops that are more researched, available, utilized and commercially competitive. This paper discusses case studies from within and outside of the Pacific to consider how much the lack of effective germplasm information and seed systems are real constraints in the development of indigenous vegetables, and the role of formal and informal approaches in their conservation and improvement. Further, the influence of social, cultural, sectoral and economic perceptions on developing appropriate agricultural support services is also considered.