Mechanism-Based Personalized Medicine for Cystic Fibrosis by Suppressing Pseudo Exon Inclusion.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that compromise its chloride channel activity. Here, we present a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate RNA splicing deficiency of CFTR with a small molecule. The 3,849 + 10 kb C>T is the most common splicing mutation in CF, creating a pseudo exon with premature stop codon. We reveal that the 3,849 + 10 kb C>T-induced CFTR pseudo exon is regulated by phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich splicing factors, and their functional inhibition by a CDC-like kinase inhibitor restores normal splicing of CFTR. Subsequent screening of our focused chemical library identified CaNDY as a rectifier of the aberrant splicing. CaNDY treatment restored normal splicing of CFTR with the 3,849 + 10 kb C>T in CF patient cells and functional CFTR protein expression in the CF model cells. Our findings open the door for mechanism-based personalized medicine for pseudo-exon-type genetic diseases.