Tracking the hydration of antifreeze treated cement paste at subfreezing temperatures using the TDR technique

•The TDR technique was used to track the water content of cement pastes at −10 °C.•Antifreeze and sodium nitrite treated cement pastes exhibit high dielectric constants.•The CRIM model was applied to quantify the individual constituents of the paste.•Lowering of dielectric constant is an indication of ongoing hydration.•Available water for hydration is shown to be in the form of adsorbed water.