Chest Complications In Immunocompromised Patients Without Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Aids): Differentiation Between Infectious And Non-Infectious Diseases Using High-Resolution Ct Findings

AIM: To differentiate between infectious and non-infectious diseases occurring in immunocompromised patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).MATERIALS AND METHODS: HRCT images of 555 patients with chest complications were reviewed retrospectively. Infectious diseases (n=341) included bacterial pneumonia (n=123), fungal infection (n=80), septic emboli (n=11), tuberculosis (n=15), pneumocystis pneumonia (n=101), and cytomegalovirus pneumonia (n=11), while non-infectious diseases (n=214) included drug toxicity (n=84), infiltration of underlying diseases (n=83), idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (n=34), diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (n=8), and pulmonary oedema (n=5). Lung parenchymal abnormalities were compared between the two groups using the chi(2) test and multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: The chi(2) test results showed significant differences in many HRCT findings between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis results indicated the presence of nodules with a halo and the absence of interlobular septal (ILS) thickening were the significant indicators that could differentiate infectious from non-infectious diseases. ILS thickening was generally less frequent among most infectious diseases and more frequent among most noninfectious diseases, with a good odds ratio (7.887, p<0.001). The sensitivity and accuracy for infectious diseases in the absence of ILS thickening were better (70% and 73%, respectively) than those of nodules with a halo (19% and 48%, respectively), while the specificity in the nodules with a halo was better (93%) than that of ILS thickening (78%).CONCLUSIONS: The presence of nodules with a halo or the absence of ILS thickening tends to suggest infectious disease. Specifically, ILS thickening seems to be a more reliable indicator. (C) 2020 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.