A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the …

Stephen S Lim,Theo Vos,Abraham D Flaxman,Goodarz Danaei,Kenji Shibuya,Heather Adair-Rohani,Mohammad A AlMazroa,Markus Amann,H Ross Anderson,Kathryn G Andrews,Martin Aryee,Charles Atkinson,Loraine J Bacchus,Adil N Bahalim,Kalpana Balakrishnan,John Balmes,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Amanda Baxter,Michelle L Bell,Jed D Blore,Fiona Blyth,Carissa Bonner,Guilherme Borges,Rupert Bourne,Michel Boussinesq,Michael Brauer,Peter Brooks,Nigel G Bruce,Bert Brunekreef,Claire Bryan-Hancock,Chiara Bucello,Rachelle Buchbinder,Fiona Bull,Richard T Burnett,Tim E Byers,Bianca Calabria,Jonathan Carapetis,Emily Carnahan,Zoe Chafe,Fiona Charlson,Honglei Chen, Jian Shen Chen,Andrew Tai-Ann Cheng,Jennifer Christine Child,Aaron Cohen,K Ellicott Colson,Benjamin C Cowie,Sarah Darby, Susan Darling,Adrian Davis,Louisa Degenhardt,Frank Dentener,Don C Des Jarlais,Karen Devries,Mukesh Dherani,Eric L Ding,E Ray Dorsey,Tim Driscoll,Karen Edmond,Suad Eltahir Ali,Rebecca E Engell,Patricia J Erwin,Saman Fahimi,Gail Falder,Farshad Farzadfar,Alize Ferrari,Mariel M Finucane,Seth Flaxman,Francis Gerry R Fowkes,Greg Freedman,Michael K Freeman,Emmanuela Gakidou,Santu Ghosh,Edward Giovannucci,Gerhard Gmel,Kathryn Graham,Rebecca Grainger,Bridget Grant,David Gunnell,Hialy R Gutierrez,Wayne Hall,Hans W Hoek,Anthony Hogan,H Dean Hosgood III,Damian Hoy,Howard Hu,Bryan J Hubbell,Sally J Hutchings,Sydney E Ibeanusi,Gemma L Jacklyn,Rashmi Jasrasaria,Jost B Jonas,Haidong Kan,John A Kanis,Nicholas Kassebaum,Norito Kawakami,Young-Ho Khang,Shahab Khatibzadeh,Jon-Paul Khoo,Cindy Kok,Francine Laden,Ratilal Lalloo,Qing Lan,Tim Lathlean,Janet L Leasher,James Leigh,Yang Li,John Kent Lin,Steven E Lipshultz,Stephanie London,Rafael Lozano,Yuan Lu,Joelle Mak,Reza Malekzadeh,Leslie Mallinger,Wagner Marcenes,Lyn March,Robin Marks,Randall Martin,Paul McGale,John McGrath,Sumi Mehta,Ziad A Memish,George A Mensah,Tony R Merriman,Renata Micha,Catherine Michaud,Vinod Mishra,Khayriyyah Mohd Hanafiah,Ali A Mokdad,Lidia Morawska,Dariush Mozaffarian,Tasha Murphy,Mohsen Naghavi,Bruce Neal,Paul K Nelson,Joan Miquel Nolla,Rosana Norman,Casey Olives,Saad B Omer,Jessica Orchard,Richard Osborne,Bart Ostro,Andrew Page,Kiran D Pandey,Charles DH Parry,Erin Passmore,Jayadeep Patra,Neil Pearce,Pamela M Pelizzari

The lancet（2012）

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Abstract

BackgroundQuantification of the disease burden caused by different risks informs prevention by providing an account of health loss different to that provided by a disease-by-disease analysis. No complete revision of global disease burden caused by risk factors has been done since a comparative risk assessment in 2000, and no previous analysis has assessed changes in burden attributable to risk factors over time.MethodsWe estimated deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs; sum of years lived with disability [YLD] and years of life lost [YLL]) attributable to the independent effects of 67 risk factors and clusters of risk factors for 21 regions in 1990 and 2010. We estimated exposure distributions for each year, region, sex, and age group, and relative risks per unit of exposure by systematically reviewing and synthesising published and unpublished data. We used these estimates, together with estimates of …

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