The Red Slip Ware from Motya (Sicily, Italy): A multi-analytical approach for determining the production technology and the nature of the raw materials

This study is focused on the Phoenician Red Slip Ware, a cultural and chronological marker, unearthed in the archaeological site of Motya. The vessels are dated back from the 8th to early 5th century B.C. The ceramics were investigated using Optical Microscopy (OM), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Microprobe Analysis (EMPA). The results on mineralogical assemblage, microstructure and chemical composition of the ceramic body suggest a careful selection of the raw materials (i.e., clay and tempers) and firing temperature in the range > 750 and <850 °C, under oxidizing conditions. The Red Slip decoration consists of clay-rich coating, enriched in Fe. The comparison of the mineralogical and chemical composition of local clay deposits with that of the ceramic production allowed distinguishing local from imported vessels.