Simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging of the brain using SPICE: Further improvements in data acquisition and processing

Purpose To achieve high-resolution mapping of brain tissue susceptibility in simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging. Methods Simultaneous QSM and metabolic imaging was first achieved using SPICE (spectroscopic imaging by exploiting spatiospectral correlation), but the QSM maps thus obtained were at relatively low-resolution (2.0 x 3.0 x 3.0 mm(3)). We overcome this limitation using an improved SPICE data acquisition method with the following novel features: 1) sampling (k, t)-space in dual densities, 2) sampling central k-space fully to achieve nominal spatial resolution of 3.0 x 3.0 x 3.0 mm(3)for metabolic imaging, and 3) sampling outer k-space sparsely to achieve spatial resolution of 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.9 mm(3)for QSM. To keep the scan time short, we acquired spatiospectral encodings in echo-planar spectroscopic imaging trajectories in central k-space but in CAIPIRINHA (controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration) trajectories in outer k-space using blipped phase encodings. For data processing and image reconstruction, a union-of-subspaces model was used, effectively incorporating sensitivity encoding, spatial priors, and spectral priors of individual molecules. Results In vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the feasibility and potential of the proposed method. In a 6-min scan, QSM maps at 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.9 mm(3)resolution and metabolic maps at 3.0 x 3.0 x 3.0 mm(3)nominal resolution were obtained simultaneously. Compared with the original method, the QSM maps obtained using the new method reveal fine-scale brain structures more clearly. Conclusion We demonstrated the feasibility of achieving high-resolution QSM simultaneously with metabolic imaging using a modified SPICE acquisition method. The improved capability of SPICE may further enhance its practical utility in brain mapping.