Autonomy is not but competence and relatedness are associated with physical activity among colorectal cancer survivors

Purpose The main objective of this study was to use the framework of the self-determination theory, incorporating both internal and external sources of motivation, to identify factors influencing physical activity among colorectal cancer survivors (CRC-S) in Korea. Method In total, 242 patients at a university-affiliated hospital in Seoul, Korea, responded to a descriptive survey, which comprised questionnaire sets including the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire. Motivation was then assessed on three scales: the Treatment Self-Regulation (autonomy), Perceived Competence (competence), and the multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (relatedness). Logistic regression analysis was then used to identify factors associated with physical activity. Result The mean physical activity score was 16.07 metabolic equivalent hours per week, and only 23.3% of patients had an appropriate level of exercise. In the logistic regression analysis, physical activity was associated with competence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.74), relatedness (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.18), depression (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.94), and stage I or II disease (OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.28–1.86). This study indicated that competence, relatedness, depression, and the disease stage contributed to physical activity among these subjects while autonomy did not. Conclusion Future interventions to achieve the recommended levels of physical activity among CRC-S could benefit from taking into account the disease stage as well as psychosocial factors including motivation and depression.