Melatonin modulates acute cardiac muscle damage induced by carbon tetrachloride - involvement of oxidative damage, glutathione, and arginine and nitric oxide metabolism

The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of melatonin (a single dose of 50 mg.kg(-1)), a naturally occurring polypharmacological molecule, in Wistar rats acutely exposed to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This was done for the first time by tracking different biochemical parameters that reflect rat heart antioxidative and oxidative capacities, nitric oxide and arginine metabolism, and the glutathione cycle. Additionally, the extrinsic apoptosis pathway related parameters were studied. Acute exposure to CCl4 led to an increase in the studied tissue oxidant parameters (hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and carbonylated protein content), as well as the activity alteration of antioxidant (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase) and glutathione-metabolizing (glutathione peroxidase, S-transferase, and reductase) enzymes. Furthermore, CCl4 caused a disturbance in the tissue myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, citrulline, arginase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase content and activities and in two apoptosis-related parameters, caspase-3 and FAS ligand. Melatonin as a post-treatment prevented the changes induced by CCl4 to a differing extent, and in some cases, it was so potent that it completely abolished any tissue disturbances. This study is a promising starting point for further research directed to the development of melatonin treatment in cardiac tissue associated diseases.